DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA),
the biological molecule carrying the genetic instructions of all organisms, represents the direct symbolic link among biochemistry, biotechnology, and medical sciences.
Through DNA-based studies, scientific developments in the fields of biochemistry and biotechnology (e.g. polymerase chain reaction, recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning, site-directed mutagenesis, mechanistic studies on DNA repair, gene therapy, DNA microarray, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing) became possible and produced new knowledge and technologies applied to human health, agriculture, environment, and biomedical development.